This is going to be interesting. Let’s say I buy an article then copy the entire thing and send it to my friend the AI enthusiast. I’ve certainly violated copyright law.
But if my friend then goes on to run the article through an algorithm, it’s not at all clear to me that there’s been a copyright violation by them.
Or, indeed, how you could word a law that prohibits algorithmic consumption of the data without making it impossible to ever simply view the data.
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I think you are oversimplifying this issue and ignoring the context and purpose of using their content. Original analysis of data is not illegal, and that’s all these models are, a collection of observations in relation to each other. As long as you can prove that your storage was noncommercial, and no more than necessary to achieve your fair use objectives, you can get by.
Fair use protects reverse engineering, indexing for search engines, and other forms of analysis that create new knowledge about works or bodies of works. Moreover, Fair use is a flexible and context-specific doctrine, and you don’t have to prove in court that you comply with every single pillar of fair use. It depends on the situation and four things: why, what, how much, and how it affects the work. No one thing is more important than the others, and it is possible to have a fair use defense even if you do not meet all the criteria of fair use.
You’re right about copyright forbidding much more than people think, but it also allows much more than people think. Fair use is also not a weak or unreliable defense, but a vital one that protects creativity, innovation, and freedom of expression. It’s not something that you have to prove in court, but something you assert as a right.
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What I was responding to here is the idea that of running an automated program on information shared without permission. In that case, the fair use argument becomes very difficult to make, in my opinion. Search engines and other forms of analysis is definitely allowed, but those copies are provided through legitimate means. Downloading articles from behind a paywall and sharing them isn’t the same as indexing publicly available web pages.
I’m not saying you should get anything through illicit means, you could just view the web page yourself rather than sending it to anyone else. For example LAION, provides links to internet data, they don’t download or copy content from sites. By visiting it yourself, you’d dodge all those problems.
I’ll simplify, then. Can I download an article that I’ve paid for and have permission to download, then have an algorithm operate on that data?
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This iteration of “AI” is hilarious, the people who were telling us not to steal IP are now trying to convince us it’s ok.
A large problem with this kind of TOS change is what happens if we ever end up with sentient AI that can think on its’ own?
How would you stop that sentient AI from scraping your site they are scraping it by going directly into your article, copying it word for word, and sending it to their own training algorithm without blocking access from everyone?
Paywalls can be bypassed and AI has been found to be better at solving those puzzles meant to stop them, so there isn’t a good solution that I can think of that doesn’t endanger the whole internet.
Listen buddy, if we get artificial general intelligence the last thing we gotta worry about is it reading the paper.
There’s no need to wait for a sentient AI for that. I mean, the current publicized method for blocking these bots is via robots.txt, which is only a very polite way of asking bots to duck off - they really have no reason to respect it, if they wanted to. OpenAI (or anyone else) could also use multiple public proxy servers for scraping, so websites won’t be able to point fingers at them. Even if the bot makers avoid using proxies, they could still get the content indirectly by scraping other sites which repost the content, such as archive.org or even just normal sites which repost stuff. Heck, they could scrape off say, Lemmy indirectly, for instance we’ve got the AutoTLDR bot here, combine that with comments and quotes from several people, and any competent LLM could easily learn the content of the original article without even having to directly touch it.
So unless the site has posted a 100% unique piece of information, which hasn’t been published anywhere else, AND they’ve also implemented a strict “no reproduction in any form” rule that also extends to prohibiting any discussion of the source material, it would be near-impossible to stop or blame the bot creators of bypassing ToS. And we all know what happens when you go to great lengths to try and silence a subject matter on the internet…
That’s kinda weird regarding copyright. With copyright, all usage permissions are opt-in. Any kind of usage that isn’t expressly allowed is prohibited.
Except of fair use, which cannot be prohibited.
So either AI training is fair use and thus cannot be prohibited, or it isn’t and then it’s already prohibited.
Either way, expressly prohibiting it does nothing, legally speaking.
But opens the door for a legal battle that desperately needs to happen.
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In early August, The New York Times updated its terms of service (TOS) to prohibit scraping its articles and images for AI training, reports Adweek.
The move comes at a time when tech companies have continued to monetize AI language apps such as ChatGPT and Google Bard, which gained their capabilities through massive unauthorized scrapes of Internet data.
Further down, in section 4.1, the terms say that without NYT’s prior written consent, no one may “use the Content for the development of any software program, including, but not limited to, training a machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) system.”
Using a process called unsupervised learning, the web data was fed into neural networks, allowing AI models to gain a conceptual sense of language by analyzing the relationships between words.
The controversial nature of using scraped data to train AI models, which has not been fully resolved in US courts, has led to at least one lawsuit that accuses OpenAI of plagiarism due to the practice.
Last week, the Associated Press and several other news organizations published an open letter saying that “a legal framework must be developed to protect the content that powers AI applications,” among other concerns.
It’s funny because the article is about you!
This whole thing has made me wonder given search engine indexing of articles and creation of search engine knowledge graphs.
Though I assume stuff behind paywalls isn’t indexed.
There is also BingChat, which is just straight up ChatGPT with integrated BingSearch. Guess that does count as “search engine”, not AI, since it provides links to the source, which plain ChatGPT can’t.
